King James Version | |
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The title page to the 1611 first edition of the Authorized Version of the Bible by Cornelis Boel shows the Apostles Peter and Paul seated centrally above the central text, which is flanked by Moses and Aaron. In the four corners sit Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, authors of the four gospels, with their symbolic animals. The rest of the Apostles (with Judas facing away) stand around Peter and Paul. At the very top is the Tetragrammaton "יְהֹוָה" written with Hebrew diacritics.
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Abbreviation | KJV, KJB, or AV |
Complete Bible published | 1611 |
Online as | King James Version at Wikisource |
Textual basis | OT: Masoretic Text, some LXX and Vulgate influence. NT: Textus Receptus, similar to the Byzantine text-type; some readings derived from the Vulgate. Apocrypha: Greek Septuagint and Latin Vulgate. |
Copyright | Public domain due to age, publication restrictions in the United Kingdom (See Copyright status) |
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欽定版聖經(英語:Authorized Version,縮寫為 AV),又稱詹姆士王譯本(英語:King James Version,縮寫為 KJV)或詹姆士王聖經(英語:King James Bible,縮寫為 KJB),由英王詹姆斯一世的命令下翻譯的英文版本聖經,於1611年出版,自誕生至今一直都是英語世界極受推崇的聖經譯本,也稱為英王詹姆士譯本或英皇欽定本等。英王欽定本聖經是英國國教會官方批准的第三部聖經,第一部是1535年出版的《大聖經》,第二部是1568年出版的「主教聖經」。但早期譯本都有問題,所以當時的英國國王詹姆斯授權翻譯一本新的英語聖經。詹姆斯給譯者一些指示,要他們確保新的譯本符合英國國教的治理方式,反映國教的主教制度。有47位學者參與了欽定本聖經的翻譯,他們都是英國國教的成員[1]。欽定版聖經除了39卷舊約聖經、27卷新約聖經外,亦包括14卷次經。
欽定版聖經不僅影響了隨後的英文版聖經,對英語文學的影響也是很大的。為了讓更多未受良好教育的普通人也能知曉神的旨意,該部聖經詞彙量一共只有8000個常用的英文單詞,因此十分容易理解。一些著名作者,如約翰·班揚、約翰·彌爾頓、赫爾曼·梅爾維爾、約翰·德萊頓及威廉·華茲華斯很明顯從這個版本的聖經中得到啟發。一些聖經如英語修訂版聖經、新美國標準版聖經(New American Standard Bible)、修訂標準版聖經(the Revized Standard Version),還有新欽定版聖經(New King James Version)等都是這個版本的修訂版。儘管新國際版聖經等其他版本的聖經沒有說它們是這個版本的修訂版,但是可以看出這些版本所受的深厚影響。
在世界的很多地方,這個版本的版權已經過期了,但是在英國,由於「永久王家版權」(perpetual Crown copyright)的緣故,還是有版權的。雖然欽定版聖經已經年代久遠了,現在絕大部分仍然可以被普通讀者理解。 它也被認為是現代英語的基石,並從它誕生以來一直是被最廣泛閱讀的文獻之一。
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